Terminology

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English language terms used to describe the various duplication elements are confusing. Different laboratories and manufacturers used and use different terms, and in the case of Eastman Kodak, changed their terms at one point. In 1950 Kodak altered the term they used for Eastman Colour Internegative Film to Eastman Colour Intermediate Film. Several years later they introduced Eastman Colour Internegative Film for a quite different purpose.

The following terms and definitions are not necessarily accepted standards but are those most commonly used. They demonstrate the confusion. The terms in BOLD are those used in this text.

CONSERVATION MASTER

• Term for a duplicate made primarily for long term archival storage

DUPE NEG

• A duplicate negative, usually referring to B/W only

DUPE POS

• A duplicate positive, usually referring to B/W only

DUPES

• 1. A loose term for any duplicated film element.
• 2. An interpositive, usually referring to B/W only, local term?

DUPLICATE

• 1. A copy or reproduction of a film element, whether positive or negative
• 2. A duplicate negative

DUPLICATION

• The procedure of making a duplicate [i.e. copy] film element

FINE GRAIN

• 1. A colloquial term for any B/W intermediate [negative or positive], made on any special duplicating film
• 2. B/W interpositive element made on Eastman Fine Grain Positive film
• 3. Kodak term for some of their black and white duplicating and printing films

FLASHING

• The technique of giving print or duplicating film a low overall exposure to reduce contrast, e.g. by pre- or post-flashing, i.e. before or after the image exposure

INTER-DUPE

• A duplicate colour negative derived from an interpositive, a local term, probably Technicolor

INTERMEDIATE

• 1. General term for any film positives and negatives, colour or B/W made as intermediates between camera originals and final print
• 2. A loose term for interpositives on integrally masked Eastman Colour Intermediate film.

INTERNEGATIVE

• An intermediate negative film, especially one prepared from a reversal camera original or a print, colour or B/W.

INTERPOSITIVE

• A term for any positive element used as an intermediate stage, i.e. not the final print.

LAVENDER

• 1. Originally a Kodak B/W duplicate negative film with a pale blue base [in the 1930’s]
• 2. A loose term for any B/W duplicate negative

MASTER

• A general term for any intermediate stage.

MASTER POSITIVE

• An interpositive made from a negative in order to prepare a Duplicate Negative

PAN MASTER

• A B/W intermediate, neg or pos, made on panchromatic film, usually Eastman Panchromatic Fine Grain Film.

PROTECTION MASTER

• Sometimes the same as a conservation master sometimes a term for positives made from camera separation negatives, especially Technicolor

SEPARATION NEGATIVES

• 3 B/W negatives made through RGB filters, sometimes just 2 negatives [2-colour systems]

SEPARATION POSITIVES

• 1. 3 B/W positives made through RGB filters, sometimes just 2 positives [2-colour systems]
• 2. Positives made from separation negatives

SEPARATION MASTERS

• General term for any RGB separate records