Agitation Systems

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Spray Jets

The recirculated developer solution is sprayed on to the film by spray jets below the surface of the solution.

An entire technology has been developed to design the best spray jet nozzle. Some processes are more critical than others - the Colour Reversal Intermediate Process[CRI] from Kodak, now no longer used, was notorious for requiring highly specific spray jet nozzles and very critical flow rates..

Sparges or Drilled Headers

These are tubes with holes drilled in them, positioned across the film strands below the solution surface causing several jets of solution to impinge on the film surface.

They have the advantage that they are easy to clean and do not block as easily as sprays but they are not as effective.

Gas Burst

An inert gas such as nitrogen released at intervals in the developer causes the agitation.

It is a rather complicated and costly method.