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ND / ND FILTER |
Neutral Density filter |
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NEG-POS |
Implying a Negative Positive Film system |
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NEGATIVE |
Film image in reverse tones, high densities correspond to high brightness |
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NEUTRAL DENSITY |
Grey neutral colour transparent filters or glass used to reduce exposure |
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NEWSREEL |
A regular cinema magazine news programme |
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NEWTON'S RINGS |
Optical interference patterns caused by two surfaces close together |
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NG |
No Good, a laboratory term meaning faulty, must be redone |
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Cellulose nitrate / loose term for cellulose nitrate film stocks pre 1950 |
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NOISE |
Unwanted sound or signals in a video system, the last often producing grain-like image structure |
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NOTCH |
Shallow cut along the edge of negative film to trigger the change of printing light |
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NUMBER BOARD |
Slate [syn] |
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OFF-LINE EDIT |
Edit of video material using low cost equipment prior to final broadcast quality edit, also used for film |
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OFF-SCALE |
Outside the range of printing lights of a normal printer |
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OHP |
Overhead Projector |
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ON-LINE [EDIT] |
Live, of editing directly linked to original material |
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OPEN REEL |
A tape transport system with separate feed and take up, not enclosed in a cassette, reel to reel. |
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OPTICAL AXIS |
Axis from centre of the lens at right angle to the lens plane |
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Printing using an optical system, ie a camera and a projector |
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OPTICAL SOUND |
Photographic sound track produced and read by modulation of a light beam |
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OPTICALS |
General term for minor and major special effects made on an optical printer |
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ORIENTATION [FILM] |
Film position in a projector, Type A=emulsion to light, Type B=emulsion to lens |
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ORIGINAL |
The film element exposed in the camera, the first generation of image |
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ORTHO / ORTHOCHROMATIC |
Film sensitive to Blue and Green light only |
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OUT OF CONTROL |
A term for a film process or control strip whose density readings are outside control limits |
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OUT-GOING SCENE |
The first scene of a dissolve |
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OUT-OF-SYNC |
Sound and picture not synchronised |
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OUT-TAKE |
A take of a scene not selected for rush printing, or for the final edit |
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OVER CRANKING |
Filming at a slightly higher speed than normal to slow action down, archaic term still in use |
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OVERLAP |
Extending the sound track into the next scene [to improve continuity |
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OVERLAY [1] |
Superimposing one image on another, sometimes without a background |
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OVERLAY [2] |
The foreground image or cell of an animation |
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OVER MODULATE |
When the optical sound input signal is too great an amplitude for the for the system to handle |
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PAN |
To rotate a camera horizontally |
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PAN / PANCHROMATIC |
Of a film stock, sensitive to all wavelengths in the visible spectrum |
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PANEL [PRINTER} |
A film printer with the film path on a flat panel layout, often bi-directional |
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PANORAMA |
A wide image, also a trade name of several wide screen systems of the 1950's and 60's |
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PAPER-TO END SECTION |
Method of indicating to a printer operator the section of film to be printed, a paper marker is placed in the roll |
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PAPER-TO-PAPER SECTION |
Method of indicating to a printer operator the section of film to be printed, two paper markers are placed in the roll |
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PARAMETER |
A number value used to specify a character or procedure |
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Device/roller with a special coating that removes dust particles from film |
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A transparent piece of film used to repair a tear or break |
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PE |
Polyethylene terephthalate, a polyester plastic used for a film base /polyester |
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PEEL ROLL / PEELED ROLL |
A roll created by winding a number of separate lengths of film onto a single roll without joining together |
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PEG ANIMATION |
Animation shot by locating the sequences of artwork on registration pins |
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PEG BAR |
The registration pins used for peg animation |
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PERFORATED SCREEN |
A cinema projection screen perforated with small holes to allow the loudspeakers to be behind the screen |
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The holes in film to permit transport, see also sprocket holes |
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PERSISTENCE OF VISION |
A visual effect that permits intermittent images to be seen as continuous |
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PHOSPHOR |
A substance emitting light when irradiated by an electron beam, used for TV additive display |
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PHOTOGRAPHIC SOUND |
Optical sound |
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PHOTOMETER |
Instrument for measuring luminous intensity, at printer gates, screens, or for exposure determination |
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PHOTOMETRIC FILTER |
Filter for converting one colour temperature light to another, correspond to mired values |
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PHOTOSENSITIVE |
Anything sensitive to light by incurring some sort of change |
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PILOT PIN |
See Pin |
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PILOT TONE |
A camera speed control system using a tone recorded on the sound tape |
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PIN / REGISTER PIN |
Camera or printer device which engages a film perforation in order to arrest and retain a film position during exposure |
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PINHOLE |
A small clear faulty mark on a negative. Result of error in processing, camera, or manufacturing |
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The distance between successive points on a film, eg sprocket to sprocket |
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PIXEL |
The smallest element on a raster display, a picture cell with specified colour and/or intensity |
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PIXILLATION |
Motion effect produced as a result of photographing still pictures |
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PLATE |
A still photograph used as a background in special effects |
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PLATEN |
A surface used to support animation cells and materials |
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PLAYBACK |
Play or reproduction of a recording |
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POINT |
A unit pf printing light control, one point is 0.025LogE, and nominally a 50 point scale |
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Polyethylene terephthalate, a polyester plastic used for a film base /polyester |
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POSITIVE |
A reproduction of a scene, highest brightness seen as clear film |
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POST PRODUCTION |
Film and video programme production from editing to release |
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POST SYNC |
Synchronizing picture and sound track after the photography has been done |
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POSTERIZATION |
A picture produced with a limited no of flat colours or specific tones, image gradation eliminated |
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PRE-FLASHING |
Flashing [see] of print stocks to reduce contrast |
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PRE-RECORDED |
Sound material for a programme that is already recorded |
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PRE-ROLL |
Time required by a projector or telecine to provide a stable image |
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PRE-BATH |
The first solution of a process, usually a solution for softening rem jet backing on colour film |
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PRE-HARDENER/HARDENER |
A hardening solution used as a first process to prepare for a high temperature film process |
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PREMIERE |
The first public showing of a feature film |
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PRESERVATION |
The practices necessary to ensure permanent accessibility to the image content of the film |
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PRESSURE PLATE |
That part of a printer camera or projector that holds the film flat in the gate |
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PREVIEW |
A first look, also a special presentation of a feature film prior to premiere or release |
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PRIMARY COLOURS |
Three colours capable of mixing [additive] or combining [subtractive] to reproduce all others |
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PRIME LENS |
The lens most used for a format, conventionally a focal length equal to the diagonal of the frame |
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A projection positive made by printing from another film element |
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PRINT-THROUGH [1] |
A test procedure printing a control strip onto it's print stock and measuring the sensitometric response |
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PRINT-THROUGH [2] |
Unwanted transfer of signal on a magnetic tape from adjacent windings |
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PRINTED-IN |
Term for any image defect [eg scratch or sparkle] copied from a previous generation, ie uncorrectable |
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PRINTER |
A device for exposing an image on one film onto another |
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See Points [syn] or printer points |
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See Points [syn] or printer points |
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Punched tape [syn] - Paper tape with punched holes to indicate printing lights and cues |
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PROCESS / PROCESSING |
The wet chemical procedure of development of the latent image and subsequent stabilizing stages |
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PROCESS FILM |
High contrast film used for producing high contrast images |
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PROCESS SHOT |
Loose term for a special effect of separate background and foreground shots combined |
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PROCESSOR |
Equipment for processing, washing and drying film |
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PRODUCTION DUPE |
Duplicate negative made for multiple release printing |
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PROJECTOR |
Apparatus for presenting motion picture images on a screen |
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PROTECTION MASTER |
A Film element made for preservation in case of damage to the original or other duplicate |
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PROTECTIVE MASTER |
Protection Master [syn - Technicolor?] |
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PTR |
See Particle transfer roller [acronym] |
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PULL-BACK |
A technique in printing film in which the master is pulled back some distance in order to repeat print a section of film |
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PULL-DOWN |
The operation of moving film from one frame to another, camera, printer or projector |
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Paper tape with punched holes to indicate printing lights and cues |