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F NUMBER |
Relative aperture of a lens opening, focal length divided by diaphragm diameter |
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Gradual loss of saturation and sometimes colour changes with time |
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FADE [SPECIAL EFFECT] |
A gradual reduction of exposure of film or video to black, also called Fade-in. |
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FADE-IN |
A gradual reduction of exposure of film or video to black |
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FADE-OUT |
A gradual increase of exposure of film or video from black to an image |
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FADER |
Shutter mechanism for producing fade-ins or fade-outs during printing |
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FALL OFF |
Unevenness in brightness, usually of a projection screen |
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FIAF |
Federation Internationale des Archives du Film |
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FILM |
A light sensitive emulsion coated on a flexible base |
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FILM BASE |
A flexible support on which a photographic emulsion is coated |
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Sensitivity of film to light, determined numerically by various national standard methods, ASA, DIN, BS |
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FILMSTRIP |
A length of film with still frame images, usually in still formats |
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FILTER |
Transparent material that selectively absorbs wavelengths and alters the colour of light |
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FILTER PACK |
A collection of filters used together; usually in printing |
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FINE CUT |
A final edit to improve the editing of a "rough cut" |
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FINE GRAIN |
A colloquial term for any black and white intermediate, negative or positive, made on a special duplicating film |
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FINE GRAIN |
Kodak term for a special black and white duplicating film |
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FIRETRAP |
A device to prevent burning nitrate film in a projector [or a vault] from igniting other film |
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FLARE |
Scatter of light in an optical system that produces non image forming exposure and reduces contrast |
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FLASH FRAME |
A single overexposed negative frame of film, accidental or intentional as a marker when printed |
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FLASHING |
The technique of giving print or duplicating film a low overall exposure to reduce contrast |
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FLAT |
Low in contrast |
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FLICKER |
Random or regular variations in screen brightness |
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FLOAT |
A periodic vertical movement of a projected image, result of a mechanical defect. |
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FLOOD TRACK |
A photographic sound track exposed across the entire area as a test of sound camera or processor |
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FLOP-OVER |
Optical special effect in which the printed image is reversal from right to left |
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FLUTING |
Film distortion or cockle where edges are stretched more than centre, also called edge wave |
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FLUTTER |
A rapid periodic frequency variation in an optical or tape sound track |
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FOCAL LENGTH |
Distance from lens centre to the point at which an image of a point at infinity is focussed |
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FOCAL PLANE |
The plane at 90 degrees to the lens axis at the position at which the image is formed |
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FOCUS |
Position or state of the most well-defined image produced by a lens |
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FOG LEVEL |
The lowest density of a film material where no exposure has occurred |
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FOG, TO |
Expose film to non image forming light, usually accidental |
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FOOT |
British distance measure, widely used in film industry; 1m = 3.2818ft |
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FOOTAGE NUMBERS |
Edge numbers [syn], because they generally occur every foot of film |
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FORCED DEVELOPMENT |
Development for longer than the usual time to gain speed, usually at the expense of graininess |
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FORMAT |
The film gauge, image dimension, perforation arrangement |
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FORMAT |
Size and/or aspect ratio of a film, sometimes used to mean the entire presentation |
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FPM |
Feet per minute, used to describe film transport speeds in the UK and USA, eg film processors |
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FPS |
Frames per second |
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FRAME |
An individual picture image on a film |
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FRAME COUNTER |
Device for counting frames as the film is wound through |
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FRAME LINE |
The space between one frame and the next |
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FRAME RATE |
The number of frames exposed, or projected, per second |
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FRAMING |
Adjusting the frame position in a projector or printer gate to include all the frame or crop as required |
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FREEZE FRAME |
Optical printing effect when one frame is repeatedly printed so that the image appears stationary |
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FRINGE/FRINGING |
A defect due to poor registration of component images |
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FRONT END |
General term for all work up to the answer print stage of a film production |
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FRONT PROJECTION |
Image projection onto the front of a screen, also a film background effect using the technique |
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The slope of the straight line portion of a characteristic curve of a film, an indication of contrast |
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GAMMA, TELEVISION |
The relationship between Log luminance on a monitor to the original scene |
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GATE |
The aperture through which a film is exposed or projected; in cameras, printers and projectors |
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GAUGE |
Width of film usually in millimetres |
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GEL |
Loose colloquial term for a flexible filter |
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GELATIN |
Flexible protein matrix used to carry the light sensitive salts and coated onto the film base |
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GENERATION LOSS |
Degradation of picture quality resulting from successive printing, transfers or dubbing of film or video |
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GRADER |
The technician responsible for the quality and balance of a film print |
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GRADING |
The technique of controlling and adjusting the overall density and colour balance of a film print |
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GRAIN |
The physical structure of a film image, seen as clumps of silver or dye |
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GRAININESS |
The subjective visual effect of grain in film |
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GRATICULE |
A cross pattern on a glass plate to assist alignment in some optical equipment, eg printers |
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GREEN |
Additive primary colour |
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GREEN FILM |
Film immediately after processing and still difficult to project smoothly |
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GREY SCALE |
A scale of neutral grey images on film or paper, test material for measuring photographic responses |
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GUIDE TRACK |
A speech track made as a guide to actors rerecording the speech later in a studio |
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Characteristic curve [syn] old term, Hurter and Driffield, only used in England. |
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HALATION |
Images caused by the scatter or internal reflection of light within a film |
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HALF FRAME |
A frame on 35mm film 21 x 8mm, instead of 21 x 16mm |
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HALF-TONE |
Tonal differentiation by evenly spaced dots of different sizes, graphic arts technique |
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HALIDE |
A metal salt of a halogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine |
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HARDENING BATH/HARDENER |
A solution of chemicals for hardening film emulsion, eg alums |
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HASH MARKS |
Cue marks scratched onto release prints, "unofficial". |
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HDTV |
High Definition Television |
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HEAD OUT |
A film or tape roll with the head on the outside, ie opposite of tail out |
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HEAD, OF EQUIPMENT |
Any device that senses or transduces a signal, tape, sound etc.; a transducer |
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HEAD, OF FILM |
The start end of a film |
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HEAT FILTER |
A filter, usually glass for absorbing heat, infra red light |
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HI ARC |
Old carbon arc lamp operating at a high current density |
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HIGH BAND |
A video tape producing broadcast quality pictures |
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HIGH KEY |
A scene in which almost all the tones are high in brightness, opposite of low key |
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HIGH SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY |
Operating a camera faster than normal, to slow down motion, more than 150 frames per sec approx |
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HIGHLIGHT |
The brightest part of a scene or it's reproduced image |
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HOLD FRAME |
Freeze frame [syn] |
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HOLD TAKE |
Negative of a scene to be held for later possible use, not selected for rush printing |
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HORSE |
A horizontal spindle holding one or several rolls of film |
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HOT SPOT |
The brightest part of an unevenly illuminated projection screen, or video monitor screen |
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HUB |
A core [syn] American? |
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HUE |
The visible character of a colour as defined by it's position on the visible spectrum or CIE colour diagram |
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HYPERSENSITIVITY |
Increasing the speed of camera film by pre-flashing or chemical methods |
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An old term for Sodium Thiosulphate, the most common fixing salt |
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HYPO ELIMINATOR |
A solution for removing unwashed out fixing agent from film emulsions, to increase the life of the silver image |